The Influence of Jazz on Modern Music - TOEFL Reading Practice Test

Proficiency in reading academic texts is essential for success in the TOEFL Reading section, designed to reflect the challenges of academic reading in English. This section assesses abilities like identifying main points, locating details, inferring information, and understanding structure. Regular practice is the key to strong performance.

Our practice tests closely replicate the TOEFL format, ensuring you approach test day confidently. Try the "The Influence of Jazz on Modern Music" TOEFL Practice Test to get comfortable with the structure and spot areas for growth!

Reading Instructions

• You have 15 minutes to read the following passage and answer all 9 questions related to it.
• Most questions are worth 1 point, but the last question is worth more. The directions indicate how many points you will receive for that specific question.
• The specific section/paragraphs have been provided again with the question for ease of understanding and quick solution.
• Some questions include a word or phrase that is highlighted in the question as well as in the paragraph for quick reference.

Jazz, a type that started in the African American communities of New Orleans in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, has deeply influenced the world of modern music. Defined by its unique mix of African rhythms, blues, and European musical traditions, jazz appeared as a form of expression that crossed cultural boundaries. The focus on improvisation and complex harmonies helped shape various musical styles and also contributed to the growth of contemporary genres like rock, pop, and hip-hop. Historical records show that jazz began to gain attention around the 1910s, with figures like Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington leading the way. As a result, jazz is often seen as a foundational pillar in the development of modern music, with its impact connecting across multiple generations of musicians and listeners.

One of the most important gifts of jazz to modern music is its focus on improvisation. Unlike many traditional forms of music that stick closely to written scores, jazz musicians often engage in unplanned creation during performances. This practice encourages individual expression and creativity, allowing musicians to understand melodies and harmonies in unique ways. For example, the improvisational methods developed by jazz artists have inspired rock musicians like Jimi Hendrix and Eric Clapton, who have included similar techniques in their guitar solos. This blending of styles has improved the emotional depth of their performances, showing how jazz's improvisational spirit has spread into other genres.

Also, jazz has played a key role in the development of rhythm and beat in modern music. The genre's unique swing feel, marked by off-beat accents and complex rhythms, has influenced a wide range of musical styles. For example, the use of syncopation can be seen in genres like funk, R&B, and hip-hop. Artists like James Brown and Prince have used these rhythmic elements to create catchy grooves that encourage movement and dance. Additionally, hip-hop producers often sample jazz recordings, including the genre's rich textures and rhythms into their beats. This fusion not only pays tribute to jazz but also shows its lasting relevance in modern music production, as seen in the works of artists like A Tribe Called Quest and Kendrick Lamar.

The harmonic improvements introduced by jazz musicians have also left a lasting mark on modern music. Jazz is known for its complex chord progressions and extended harmonies, which have expanded the harmonic vocabulary available to composers and songwriters. The use of seventh, ninth, and thirteenth chords, as well as modal switches, has become more common in various genres, including pop and rock. For instance, the Beatles and Radiohead have included jazz-inspired harmonies in their songs, resulting in a more advanced sound that challenges traditional pop structures. This blending of jazz harmonies with popular music has not only improved the listening experience but has also encouraged a more adventurous approach to songwriting, prompting artists to explore new musical territories.

In addition to its musical elements, jazz has also influenced the social and cultural aspects of modern music. The genre has historically served as a platform for social discussion and political expression, addressing issues like racial inequality and civil rights. This tradition of using music as a way for action has been embraced by contemporary artists across genres. For example, hip-hop artists like Kendrick Lamar and Common have drawn on the heritage of jazz to address social issues in their lyrics, often including jazz samples and instruments in their tracks. This connection between jazz and social activism highlights the genre's ongoing relevance and its ability to inspire new generations of musicians to engage with important societal concerns, such as those raised during the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s.

In conclusion, the influence of jazz on modern music is both deep and diverse. From its improvisational techniques and rhythmic innovations to its harmonic complexities and social importance, jazz has shaped the musical landscape in ways that continue to connect today. The genre's ability to serve as a platform for social discussion further emphasizes its importance in contemporary society. As modern artists draw from the rich heritage of jazz, they not only honor its historical roots but also contribute to its evolution, ensuring that the genre remains a vital force in the world of music. The lasting impact of jazz serves as proof of its ability to transcend time and genre, fostering creativity and expression in the ever-changing world of modern music, while also inviting further exploration into its future directions.

Directions: Once you have read the passage, answer the following questions.

Paragraph 1

Jazz, a type that started in the African American communities of New Orleans in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, has deeply influenced the world of modern music. Defined by its unique mix of African rhythms, blues, and European musical traditions, jazz appeared as a form of expression that crossed cultural boundaries. The focus on improvisation and complex harmonies helped shape various musical styles and also contributed to the growth of contemporary genres like rock, pop, and hip-hop. Historical records show that jazz began to gain attention around the 1910s, with figures like Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington leading the way. As a result, jazz is often seen as a foundational pillar in the development of modern music, with its impact connecting across multiple generations of musicians and listeners.

Factual Information Question

1. According to paragraph 1, which of the following genres is NOT mentioned as having been influenced by jazz?
   1. Rock
   2. Pop
   3. Classical
   4. Hip-hop

Negative Factual Information Question

1. The author mentions all of the following as characteristics of jazz EXCEPT: 

   1. A focus on improvisation 
   2. A unique mix of musical traditions 
   3. Strict adherence to written scores 
   4. Complex harmonies

Paragraph 2

One of the most important gifts of jazz to modern music is its focus on improvisation. Unlike many traditional forms of music that stick closely to written scores, jazz musicians often engage in unplanned creation during performances. This practice encourages individual expression and creativity, allowing musicians to understand melodies and harmonies in unique ways. For example, the improvisational methods developed by jazz artists have inspired rock musicians like Jimi Hendrix and Eric Clapton, who have included similar techniques in their guitar solos. This blending of styles has improved the emotional depth of their performances, showing how jazz's improvisational spirit has spread into other genres.

Inference Question

1. What can be inferred about the relationship between jazz and rock music based on paragraph 2?
   1. Rock music has completely replaced jazz.
   2. Jazz has had a significant influence on the development of rock music.
   3. Rock musicians do not appreciate jazz.
   4. Jazz and rock music are entirely unrelated genres.

Rhetorical Purpose Question

1. Why does the author include examples of musicians like Jimi Hendrix and Eric Clapton in paragraph 2?
   1. To illustrate the decline of jazz music
   2. To highlight the influence of jazz improvisation on other genres
   3. To compare jazz with classical music
   4. To discuss the history of rock music

Paragraph 3

Also, jazz has played a key role in the development of rhythm and beat in modern music. The genre's unique swing feel, marked by off-beat accents and complex rhythms, has influenced a wide range of musical styles. For example, the use of syncopation can be seen in genres like funk, R&B, and hip-hop. Artists like James Brown and Prince have used these rhythmic elements to create catchy grooves that encourage movement and dance. Additionally, hip-hop producers often sample jazz recordings, including the genre's rich textures and rhythms into their beats. This fusion not only pays tribute to jazz but also shows its lasting relevance in modern music production, as seen in the works of artists like A Tribe Called Quest and Kendrick Lamar.

Vocabulary Question

1. In paragraph 3, the word "syncopation" is closest in meaning to:
   1. A steady beat
   2. An off-beat rhythm
   3. A musical scale
   4. A type of melody

Sentence Simplification Question

1. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the following text from paragraph 3?

"The genre's unique swing feel, marked by off-beat accents and complex rhythms, has influenced a wide range of musical styles."

1. Jazz has a swing feel that has affected many music styles.
2. Jazz is known for its simple rhythms and steady beats.
3. Many musical styles have ignored the influence of jazz.
4. Jazz's swing feel is only appreciated in dance music.

Paragraph 4

The harmonic improvements introduced by jazz musicians have also left a lasting mark on modern music. Jazz is known for its complex chord progressions and extended harmonies, which have expanded the harmonic vocabulary available to composers and songwriters. The use of seventh, ninth, and thirteenth chords, as well as modal switches, has become more common in various genres, including pop and rock. For instance, the Beatles and Radiohead have included jazz-inspired harmonies in their songs, resulting in a more advanced sound that challenges traditional pop structures. This blending of jazz harmonies with popular music has not only improved the listening experience but has also encouraged a more adventurous approach to songwriting, prompting artists to explore new musical territories.

Purpose of the Passage Question

1. What is the main purpose of paragraph 4?
   1. To discuss the historical origins of jazz
   2. To explain how jazz harmonies have influenced modern music
   3. To compare jazz with classical music
   4. To highlight the decline of jazz in contemporary music

Paragraph 5

In addition to its musical elements, jazz has also influenced the social and cultural aspects of modern music. The genre has historically served as a platform for social discussion and political expression, addressing issues like racial inequality and civil rights. This tradition of using music as a way for action has been embraced by contemporary artists across genres. For example, hip-hop artists like Kendrick Lamar and Common have drawn on the heritage of jazz to address social issues in their lyrics, often including jazz samples and instruments in their tracks. This connection between jazz and social activism highlights the genre's ongoing relevance and its ability to inspire new generations of musicians to engage with important societal concerns, such as those raised during the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s.

Insert Missing Text Question 

1. In paragraph 5, there is a missing sentence. The paragraph is repeated below and shows four letters (A, B, C, and D) that indicate where the following sentence could be added.

"Jazz has historically been a voice for the voiceless."

(A) In addition to its musical elements, jazz has also influenced the social and cultural aspects of modern music. (B) The genre has historically served as a platform for social discussion and political expression, addressing issues like racial inequality and civil rights. (C) This tradition of using music as a way for action has been embraced by contemporary artists across genres. (D) For example, hip-hop artists like Kendrick Lamar and Common have drawn on the heritage of jazz to address social issues in their lyrics, often including jazz samples and instruments in their tracks.

Where would the sentence best fit?

1. Option A
2. Option B
3. Option C
4. Option D

Prose Summary Question

1. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

Jazz has profoundly influenced modern music in various ways.

1. Jazz's improvisational techniques have inspired many musicians across genres.
2. The genre has remained static and has not evolved over time.
3. Jazz has contributed to the development of rhythm and beat in contemporary music.
4. The harmonic innovations of jazz have expanded the musical vocabulary for songwriters.
5. Jazz has been a platform for social activism and political expression.
6. The popularity of jazz has declined significantly in recent years.

Before moving forward to check your answers, don't forget to go through the updated TOEFL Exam Pattern and Syllabus. 

Answer Key with Explanation for TOEFL Reading Passage - The Influence of Jazz on Modern Music

1. Answer: C

Explanation: The passage specifically mentions rock, pop, and hip-hop as genres influenced by jazz. Classical music is not mentioned at all, making it the correct answer. This highlights the focus of the passage on contemporary genres rather than traditional ones.

2. Answer: C

Explanation: The passage emphasizes jazz's focus on improvisation and creativity, contrasting it with traditional forms that adhere closely to written scores. Therefore, "strict adherence to written scores" is not a characteristic of jazz, making it the correct answer.

3. Answer: B

Explanation: The passage discusses how rock musicians like Jimi Hendrix and Eric Clapton have drawn inspiration from jazz's improvisational techniques. This indicates a significant influence of jazz on rock music, rather than suggesting any replacement or lack of appreciation.

4. Answer: B

Explanation: The mention of these musicians serves to illustrate how jazz's improvisational techniques have permeated other genres, particularly rock. This reinforces the idea that jazz has contributed to the emotional depth and creativity in modern music.

5. Answer: B

Explanation: Syncopation refers to a rhythmic concept that emphasizes off-beat accents, which aligns with the definition provided in the passage. This term is crucial in understanding the rhythmic innovations jazz has contributed to modern music.

6. Answer: A

Explanation: This option succinctly captures the essence of the original sentence, summarising the influence of jazz's swing feel on various musical styles without introducing any inaccuracies.

7. Answer: B

Explanation: The paragraph focuses on the harmonic innovations introduced by jazz musicians and how these have impacted modern music, particularly in expanding the harmonic vocabulary for composers and songwriters.

8. Answer: B

Explanation: The sentence "Jazz has historically been a voice for the voiceless" fits best after the introductory statement about jazz's influence on social and cultural aspects. It reinforces the idea that jazz has served as a platform for social discussion and political expression.

9. Answer: A, C and D

The correct options are A, C, and D. Therefore, options B and F are incorrect.

Explanation: These three choices encapsulate the main ideas presented in the passage regarding jazz's influence on improvisation, rhythm, and harmony, while the other options do not accurately reflect the content of the passage.

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